Study Aid Questions
Fill in the Blanks
1. The part of the aircraft that is designed to carry a load or resist stress is the _________.
2. All aircraft are subjected to five major stresses: tension, compression, bending, ________, and __________.
3. Tensile strength is measured in __________ which is written as __________.
4. Wings that require no external bracing are known as ___________ design.
5. __________ internal structures are made up of spars and stringers.
6. Spars are to wings as ___________ are to the fuselage.
7. I‐beam spars are made up of two components: the _________ which is the vertical section and the __________ which is the horizontal section.
8. A stainless steel or titanium bulkhead known as a ________ is used to isolate the ________ from the rest of the aircraft.
9. Cowl flaps are moveable parts of the cowling that open and close to ________.
10. The primary flight controls include the ailerons, elevators, and rudders which control the stability around the ________, ________, and ________ axes respectively.
11. Primary flight control surfaces need to be balanced so they do not vibrate or ________.
12. When the aircraft is turned to the left, the aileron on the pilot’s ________ points up.
13. Elevators move the aircraft around the _________ axis.
14. When the right pedal is pushed forward, it deflects the rudder to the ________ which moves the nose of the aircraft to the right.
15. Flaps that slide aft to increase the total area of the wing are known as ________ flaps.
16. Slats increase the ________ at which laminar airflow can exist.
17. Heavy or high performance aircraft have ________ on the top of their wings that disrupt airflow when deployed.
18. The ________ is the location from which all other stations are located.
19. Firewalls are typically made from _________.
20. Teetering hinges in a semi‐rigid system allow for movement of the flap _________ while preventing movement ________.
True or False
1. Wing braces are the main structural member of a wing. TRUE/FALSE
2. Torsion resists pulling forces. TRUE/FALSE
3. Tensile strength is generally greater than or equal to shearing strength. TRUE/FALSE
4. Longerons are the longitudinal members in a semimonocoque fuselage. TRUE/FALSE
5. The benefit of a semimonocoque fuselage compared to a monocoque fuselage is that the semimonocoque fuselage does not require the skin to carry any load thereby reducing the stress on the skin. TRUE/FALSE
6. Box beam wing constructions are used on transport category aircraft. TRUE/FALSE
7. False ribs are those ribs which are used strictly for shaping the camber of the wing and do not provide any load support. TRUE/FALSE
8. Cowlings are detachable panels which provide smooth airflow over the engine and protect it from damage. TRUE/FALSE
9. Ribs can be lightened by stamping holes in the assembly. TRUE/FALSE
10. High performance aircraft typically have fly‐by‐wire systems that utilize electrical power to move the elevators. TRUE/FALSE
11. Fuel‐carrying bladders located in a wing are known as wet wing designs. TRUE/FALSE
12. Worm drives and flap tracks are used to move fowler flaps along their designed route of travel. TRUE/FALSE
13. Leading edge flaps are independent of the trailing edge flaps. TRUE/FALSE
14. Vortex generators are designed to reduce drag created by wingtip vortices. TRUE/FALSE
15. Conventional gear and tricycle gear are interchangeable terms. TRUE/FALSE
16. Aircraft equipped with pontoons or floats are sometimes known as amphibious aircraft. TRUE/FALSE
17. Water line measurements are perpendicular to the horizon. TRUE/FALSE
18. Helicopters are moved horizontally by changing the angle of attack on the rotor blades. TRUE/FALSE
19. Dissymmetry of lift causes blades to flutter. TRUE/FALSE
20. Torque produced by the main rotors tries to spin the fuselage in the direction of blade rotation. TRUE/FALSE
Knowledge Application Questions
1. Why are the rotors of a helicopter considered part of the airframe?_______________________________________________________
2. Define strain.
_______________________________________________________
3. Describe stresses involved on a part being bent or subject to bending stress.
_______________________________________________________
4. Cowlings and fairings do not require a high degree of strength but what characteristic is important for parts such as these?
_______________________________________________________
5. What are the structural members that make up a truss‐framed fuselage and what is it typically covered with?
_______________________________________________________
6. What is the biggest problem associated with the monocoque type fuselage?_______________________________________________________
7. How is the monocoque type fuselage different than the semi‐monocoque type?_______________________________________________________
8. What causes metal fatigue in a pressurized aircraft fuselage structure?_______________________________________________________
9. When is the use of landing gear jury struts necessary and what purpose do they serve?_______________________________________________________
10. What is the function of the wing spar?_______________________________________________________
11. Where are false ribs located and what is their function?_______________________________________________________
12. Describe the characteristics of a nacelle and its components.
_______________________________________________________
13. Directional control of a fixed‐wing aircraft takes place around which axes? What are the respective control surfaces that move about these axes?_______________________________________________________
14. What affect does moving the aileron down have on the wing?_______________________________________________________
15. What are the functions of slots and where are they located?_______________________________________________________
16. How are balance tabs moved and what is their resulting effect?_______________________________________________________
17. What is the main benefit of conventional type landing gear?_______________________________________________________
18. Why are ground loops common on conventional landing gear?_______________________________________________________
19. Describe the cause(s) of dissymmetry of lift.
_______________________________________________________
20. What is the NOTAR antitorque system and how does it work?_______________________________________________________
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The study that calculates the loads that every part of an aircraft must carry is known as
a. Stress analysis
b. Tension analysis
c. Load testing
2. The material’s internal resistance or counterforce that opposes deformation is called
a. Rigidity
b. Strength
c. Stress
3. What type of stress resists a crushing force?
a. Tension
b. Compression
c. Torsion
4. What type of stress is a combination of compression and tension?
a. Torsion
b. Shear
c. Bending
5. What is the principle structural member of the wing?
a. Spars
b. Ribs
c. Stringers
6. How is the load transferred from the skin and the stringers to the spars?
a. Stiffeners
b. Caps
c. Ribs
7. Longitudinal (fore and aft) structural members of a semi monocoque fuselage are called
a. spars and ribs
b. longerons and stringers
c. spars and stringers
8. Which statement is true regarding a cantilever wing?
a. No external bracing is needed
b. It requires only one lift strut on each side
c. It has nonadjustable lift struts
9. The monocoque fuselage relies largely on the strength of
a. bulkheads and longerons
b. longerons and formers
c. skin or covering
10. Which part(s) of a semi monocoque fuselage prevent(s) tension and compression from bending the fuselage?
a. Bulkheads and skin
b. Longerons and stringers
c. The fuselage covering
11. What type of flap system increases the wing area and changes the wing camber?
a. Fowler flaps
b. Slotted flaps
c. Split flaps
12. The purpose of wing slats is to
a. reduce stalling speed
b. decrease drag
c. increase speed on takeoff
13. The primary purpose of stall strips is to
a. provide added lift at high angles of attack
b. stall the inboard portion of the wings first
c. provide added lift at slow speeds
14. The purpose of the vertical fin is to provide
a. lateral stability
b. directional stability
c. longitudinal stability
15. Aircraft flight control trim systems must be designed and installed so that the
a. pilot can determine the relative position of the trim tab from the cockpit
b. operating control and the trim tab will always move in the same direction
c. trim system will disengage or become inoperative if the primary flight control system fails
16. The purpose of spring tabs or servo tabs is to
a. contribute to the static balance of the control surface
b. make in flight trim adjustments possible
c. assist the pilot in moving the control surfaces
17. Where are wing butt ribs located?
a. Forward of the front spar
b. In between the front and rear spar
c. At the inboard edge of the wing
18. What is the purpose of a fairing?
a. Allows for smooth airflow between the wing and fuselage
b. Provide a strong and secure method for attaching the wing to the fuselage
c. Receives compression loads that tend to force the wing spars together
19. What are the names of the movable flight control surfaces on the empennage?
a. Horizontal stabilizer and elevator
b. Vertical stabilizer and rudder
c. Elevator and rudder
20. What flight control surface movement causes the aircraft to roll?
a. Aileron
b. Elevator
c. Rudder
21. What type of movement does the rudder control?
a. Roll
b. Pitch
c. Yaw
22. What is a common design feature of ailerons to prevent flutter?
a. Hinge points aft of the leading edge
b. Hinge points forward of the leading edge
c. Hinge points at the leading edge
23. As the aileron moves downward, what happens to the camber and lift respectively?
a. Camber increases, lift decreases
b. Camber decreases, lift decreases
c. Camber increases, lift increases
24. How is the elevator controlled from the cockpit?
a. Side‐to‐side motion of the control yoke
b. Push and pull motion of the control yoke
c. Depressing of foot‐operated pedals
25. Which two types of control surfaces reduce the force needed to move a primary control surface?
a. Anti‐balance and servo tabs
b. Trim and balance tabs
c. Slats and spoilers
26. What type of secondary flight control decreases lift?
a. Slats
b. Slots
c. Spoilers
27. Which control surface can be operated independently of the flaps?
a. Leading edge flaps
b. Slats
c. Neither A or B
28. Spoilers may be fully deployed on both wings at the same time for what purpose?
a. Augment aileron function
b. Decrease lift in‐flight
c. Speed brakes
29. What flight control tabs move in same direction as the control surface it is attached to?
a. Trim
b. Spring
c. Anti‐balance
30. How are flight control surfaces moved on an aircraft that is equipped with a fly‐by‐wire system?
a. Electrical input only
b. Hydraulic actuators and electrical input
c. Control cables only
31. What type of device is used as a barrier on the upper surface of the wing to reduce the tendency of the wing to stall at low flight speeds?
a. Stall fence
b. Vortex generator
c. Gap seals
32. Where is the center of gravity located on an aircraft with a tricycle landing gear?
a. Forward of the main wheels
b. Aft of the main wheels
c. In‐line with the main wheels
33. Fuselage stations are numbered in inches from
a. The buttock line
b. Reference datum
c. Water line
34. ------------- is a measurement forward or aft of the front spar and perpendicular to the water line
a. Aileron station
b. Flap station
c. Nacelle station
35. Where is the buttock line or buttline of an aircraft?
a. A height measurement left or right of, and perpendicular to, the horizontal centerline
b. A width measurement left of, and perpendicular to, the vertical centerline
c. A width measurement left or right of, and parallel to, the vertical centerline
36. Where is fuselage station No. 137 located?
a. Aft of the engine
b. 137 inches aft of the zero or fixed reference line
c. 137 centimeters aft of the nose or fixed reference line
37. Where can one find information on panel numbering and the location of components under each panel?
a. AC 43.13
b. TCDS
c. Maintenance manual
38. How are main rotors of helicopters classified?
a. The transmission used to power the rotors
b. Blade attachment and motion relative to the hub
c. Swash plate and pitch change units attached to the blade
39. How is the pitch of the rotor blades changed in a rigid rotor system?
a. Feathering hinges
b. Coning hinges
c. Teetering hinges
40. Which statement is correct regarding helicopter controls?
a. The collective, operated by the pilot with the right hand
b. The engine throttle control is located on the hand grip at the end of the collective
c. The cyclic is the control “stick” located at the pilot’s left side.
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