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Cotton Fabric and Fiberglass Aircraft Coverings

Although most aircraft fabric covering work today involves polyester materials, some older aircraft still retain original cotton coverings, and fiberglass components are commonly found on certain aircraft structures. These materials require different inspection, repair, and finishing procedures than modern polyester fabric systems.

Cotton-Covered Aircraft

You may encounter a cotton fabric-covered aircraft. In addition to other airworthiness criteria, the condition of the fabric under the finished surface is paramount as the cotton can deteriorate even while the aircraft is stored in a hangar. Inspection, in accordance with the manufacturer maintenance manual or AC 43.13-1, should be diligent. If the cotton covering is found to be airworthy, repairs to the fabric can be made under those specifications. This includes sewn-in and doped-in patches, as well as sewn-in and doped-in panel repairs. Due to the very limited number of airworthy aircraft that may still be covered with cotton, this handbook does not cover specific information on re-covering with cotton or cotton fabric maintenance and repair procedures. Refer to AC 43.13-1, Chapter 2, Fabric Covering, which thoroughly addresses these issues.

Fiberglass Coverings

References to fiberglass surfaces in aircraft covering STCs, AC 43.13-1, and other maintenance literature address techniques for finishing and maintaining this kind of surface. However, this is typically limited to fiberglass radomes and fiberglass-reinforced plywood surfaces and parts that are still in service. Use of dope-based processes on fiberglass is well established. Repair and apply coatings and finishes on fiberglass in accordance with manufacturer data, STC instructions, or AC 43.13-1 acceptable practices. Mildew, moisture, chemicals, or acids have no effect on glass fabric when used as a structural material. For more information on glass fabric, refer to AC 43.13-1(as revised).

Frequently Asked Questions: Legacy Materials
How should I inspect a legacy cotton-covered aircraft?
Cotton should be inspected diligently according to AC 43.13-1. Because cotton can rot even while hangared, the condition of the fabric under the finish is critical for airworthiness.
Can I use dope-based processes on fiberglass parts?
Yes. The use of dope-based processes on fiberglass radomes and reinforced plywood parts is a well-established practice in aircraft maintenance.
Is fiberglass susceptible to environmental rot like cotton?
No. Fiberglass is highly resistant to mildew, moisture, chemicals, and acids, making it an extremely durable structural material compared to organic fabrics.
Where can I find specific repair procedures for cotton patches?
Since modern handbooks focus on polyester, detailed procedures for sewn-in and doped-in cotton patches are found in AC 43.13-1, Chapter 2.

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